Rupestris du Lot
This is a Vitis rupestris Scheele selection.
The genetic origin of the variety is also indicated when known thanks to hybridiser data or genetic analysis either published or obtained by the teams at INRAE in Montpellier (UMR AGAP) and at the Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre (CRB-Vigne).
This is a Vitis rupestris Scheele selection.
The name of the breeder and/or selector is indicated, as is the year in which the variety was bred.
This root stock was initially noticed by R. Sijas at Montferrier-sur-Lez near Montpellier, and was then studied by Alexis Millardet who name it, 1879.
The figures are estimated based on the computerised vineyard register and bibliographical data.
25 000 ha . Midi-Pyrénées, Charentes, Rhône-Alpes, Aquitaine, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Corse, Languedoc-Roussillon, Val de Loire.
Evolution of cultivated areas in France
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM).
Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM). Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
Year |
ha |
|
|---|---|---|
|
1945 |
529 |
|
|
1955 |
981 |
|
|
1965 |
917 |
|
|
1975 |
423 |
|
|
1985 |
81 |
|
|
1995 |
14 |
|
|
2005 |
7 |
|
|
2015 |
12 |
Only the main ampelographic elements enabling the rootstocks to be characterised and identified are provided. They are described according to the ampelographic descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the "Ampelographic glossary" menu). The photographs of buds, flowers and adult leaves were taken indoors by the INRAE team at Domaine de Vassal from material sampled from the ampelographic collections of the Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre. Note: the scale of the photos is not the same for the three organs shown. The photos of buds have been reduced (x 0.5 approx.), as have those of the adult leaves (x 0.25 approx.), while those of the flowers have been enlarged (x 4 approx.).
- the tip of the young shoot that is closed, with no erect and prostrate hairs,
- the shiny reddish young leaves, with no erect and prostrate hairs,
- the shoots with a bushy and erect bearing, a smooth, purple and uniform surface, no erect and prostrate hairs,
- the short tendrils, with a strong anthocyanin coloration,
- the small, kidney-shaped, entire adult leaves, with an open petiole sinus, a strong anthocyanin coloration of veins, medium length teeth compared to their width with straight sides, a smooth leaf blade, gutter-folded towards the upper side of the blade, and on the lower side of the leaves, no erect and prostrate hairs,
- the male flowers,
- the purplish brown, short and ramified woody shoots, with no erect and prostrate hairs.
Genetic profile
The genetic profile of the variety is provided for the 9 microsatellite markers (or SSR markers) selected under the European programme GrapeGen06 (http://www.eu-vitis.de/index.php) and by the OIV. The absolute size values of the alleles may vary slightly from one laboratory to another, but the relative differences between the two alleles of one single microsatellite are constant. The genetic analyses were conducted by the INRAE Montpellier team (UMR AGAP) and the IFV’s Plant Material Centre.
| Microsatellite | VVS2 | VVMD5 | VVMD7 | VVMD27 | VRZAG62 | VRZAG79 | VVMD25 | VVMD28 | VVMD32 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Allele 1 |
135 |
234 |
257 |
236 |
196 |
260 |
236 |
218 |
234 |
|
Allele 2 |
135 |
265 |
260 |
236 |
196 |
264 |
236 |
241 |
236 |
The degree of tolerance to the root form of phylloxera and resistance to nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne arenaria), to Agrobacterium vitis (the bacterium responsible for burls) and to certain soil fungi is stated on the basis of observations or bibliographical data.
This rootstock is fairly tolerant to the root form of phylloxera, but is sensitive to Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne incognita nematodes. It is quite tolerant to Meloidogyne hapla nematodes, Phytophthora cinnamomi and Agrobacterium vitis.
The level of wood production by the rootstock strains is stated (source: ENTAV-ONIVINS survey of grapevine nurseries, April 2001). The suitability for cleaning, disbudding, cutting and grafting is also specified. Further details are provided if the rootstock variety requires special precautions during grafting and layering.
Rupestris du Lot has short internodes with small to moderate diameter. The canes are hard and the growth of lateral shoot buds is widespread. Rupestris du Lot wood production is low (20 000 to 40 000 m/ha) but this rootstock has good cuttings rooting and grafting capacities.
All certified clones are listed, as are the surface areas of the mother vine of clones that are propagated. For the moment, clonal selection of rootstock is conducted solely for sanitary purposes.
In France, the 6 certified Rupestris du Lot clones carry the numbers 110, 213, 214, 235, 750 and 751. Among those, the clones multiplied are:
- clone No. 110: 3 ha 13 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017,
- clone No. 235: 9 ha 17 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017.
Datas are extracted from: Les chiffres de la pépinière viticole, 2017, Datas and assesment of FranceAgriMer, may 2018.
This paragraph provides information on the behaviour of the rootstock variety in relation to the structure, texture and composition of the soil, its mineral content and the soil’s pH. It also states the behaviour of the rootstock when faced with an excess or lack of water during the vegetative period. Chlorosis Iron chlorosis is related to problems of iron assimilation due to low iron content and/or high carbonate content in soil. Total calcium carbonate content alone gives only a partial idea of the chlorosis-inducing power of the soil. The active calcium carbonate content corresponds to the percentage of carbonate present in the fine fraction of the soil (clays, fine silts). Depending on the characteristics of the parent rock and its geological origin, this represents a variable percentage of the total calcium carbonate. The chlorotic power index (IPC) is a calculation which takes into account the active calcium carbonate content and the easily extractible iron content of the soil. These three values provide an insight into the risk of chlorosis and allow growers to choose the most suitable rootstock variety accordingly. Tylosis and apoplexy These apoplexy phenomena are linked to problems of water circulation through the plant when evapotranspiration is high (dry wind following heavy rainfall in the summer season) and the absorption of water through the roots is limited. In this case, the high pressure in the vessels causes air bubbles (cavitation) and tyloses (invagination of the membrane of neighbouring cells in the vessels) to form, which causes a slowing of sap circulation and water stress in the leaves.
Rupestris du Lot resists up to 25% of "total" limestone, 14% of "active" limestone and to an ICP of 20. Its resistance to drought is moderate and its use should be avoided in too compact soils. This rootstock is slightly tolerant to chlorides and absorbs potassium fairly well. Rupestris du Lot is well adapted to poor and with no or very little limestone soils.
The rootstock may interact with the characteristics of the graft in terms of precocity of the vegetative cycle and the growth and development of the branches, as well as yield factors (fertility and berry size). In some cases, the risks of incompatibility or poor affinity of the rootstock variety with a graft variety are specified.
Rupestris du Lot easily grows suckers, but it usually has a good affinity with grafts. It works especially well with Grenache and Ugni blanc. This rootstock confers a high vigor and induces considerable vegetative growth. Rupestris du Lot tends to delay the growth cycle and the risk of coulure with some susceptible varieties may increase.
The rootstock may interact with the characteristics of the graft in terms of precocity of the vegetative cycle and the growth and development of the branches, as well as yield factors (fertility and berry size). In some cases, the risks of incompatibility or poor affinity of the rootstock variety with a graft variety are specified.
- Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France. Collectif, 2007, Ed. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France.
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Montpellier SupAgro, Marseillan, France.
- Cépages et vignobles de France, tome 1. P. Galet, 1988, Ed. Dehan, Montpellier, France.
