Ampelographic glossary

Adult leaf

Definitions

Leaf situated on the middle third of the main shoot of the year, best observed between the stages of fruit set and veraison.

Anthocyanin pigmentation

Definitions

Pink, red or purple colouring that may be related to the youth of the organ or tissue concerned (e.g. young leaf, herbaceous shoot, petiole, vein).

Berry – Seedless

Definitions

Grape berry with no seeds, or rudimentary seeds which are imperceptible when chewing.

Berry – Aromas

Definitions

- Foxy: aroma of berries of the V. labrusca grape variety and most of its hybrids, reminiscent of wild strawberry.

- Herbaceous: aromas of berries reminiscent of unripe vegetables.

- Muscat-like: berry aroma with floral (rose) and fruity notes (litchis)

Berry – Teinturier

Definitions

Term used for varieties with berries that have a colored pulp.

Bud scales

Definitions

Bracts protecting the bud before it opens.

Blade

Definitions

Main part of the leaf, situated at the end of the petiole.

Blade – Veins

Definitions

- Primary veins: the 5 veins departing from the petiolar point.

- Secondary veins: veins of secondary order flowing directly from the 5 primary veins.

- Subordinate veins: tertiary and quaternary veins.

Blade – Lobe

Definitions

Portion of the blade situated between 2 sinuses.

Blade – Veins

Definitions

- Main veins: the 5 veins starting from the petiolar point.

- Secondary ribs: ribs of order 2, inserting directly onto the 5 main ribs.

- Ribs of lower orders: ribs of order 3 or 4.

Blade – Profile

Definitions

Way in which the blade naturally occupies space.

- Involute: turned or rolled towards the upper surface of the blade.

- Keeled: like a half-open book.

- Revolute: blade turned or rolled towards the lower surface of the blade.

- Crisped: blade profile both involute and revolute in disorganised fashion.

Blade – Relief

Definitions

- Blister: micro-relief or bump on the blade between the tertiary and quaternary veins.

- Goffer: contraction or depression in the surface of the blade between the primary and secondary veins.

- Smooth: not rough, uniform.

- Hammered: refers to slight puckering of the blade, flattened in appearance.

- Undulate: relief between the primary and/or secondary veins running parallel to those veins.

Blade – Sinus

Definitions

Indentations around the blade margin with a clear interruption of serration.

Blade – Lateral sinuses

Definitions

- Lower lateral sinus: indentation of the blade with clear interruption of serration, located between the 2 primary lateral veins.

- Upper lateral sinus: indentation of the blade with clear interruption of serration, located between the primary central vein and the adjacent primary lateral vein.

- Secondary lateral sinuses: indentation of the blade with clear interruption of serration, located between 2 secondary veins.

Blade – Petiolar sinus

Definitions

Break in the blade where the petiole is attached. Degree of opening:

- Open: the lobes of the sinus flare outwards and do not overlap.

- Closed: the lobes of the sinus touch (or slightly overlap) one another.

- Overlapping lobes: the lobes of the sinus clearly overlap.

- Shape of the base:

- U-shaped

- V-shaped

- Bracket-shaped

- Particularity

- With one tooth on one of the margins

- Base delimited by the primary lateral vein (“naked”)

- Petiolar point: point of attachment of the 5 primary veins and the blade on the petiole.

Bearing

Definitions

Natural direction of shoot growth in the absence of trellising.

Bloom

Definitions

Dull waxy layer covering certain organs (berry, herbaceous shoot).

Cluster – Wing

Definitions

Lateral ramification of the main cluster and distinct from it.

Cluster – Density

Cluster – Size

Definitions

Size, scale (cf. manual).

Cluster – Pedicel

Definitions

Stem bearing the berry starting from the point of attachment to the berry to the first ramification of the stalk.

Cluster – Peduncle

Definitions

Main stalk joining the cluster to the shoot from the point of attachment on the shoot to the first ramification of the stalk.

Cluster – Stem

Definitions

The pedicels, ramifications and peduncle of the cluster considered as a whole.

Cane

Definitions

Lignified shoot.

Flower – Sex

Definitions

- Female flower: flower with a functional pistil and non-functional reflex stamens (curving downwards).

- Hermaphrodite flower: flower with functional pistil and stamens.

- Male flower: flower with functional stamens but no pistil (or rudimentary, non-functional).

Herbaceous (organ)

Definitions

Non-lignified.

Herbaceous shoot

Definitions

Young branch before lignification.

Inflorescence

Definitions

Group of flower buds which, after fecundation, give rise to a cluster.

Lenticels

Definitions

Small, brown spots that may occur on various organs (shoot, berry), which are suberised stomata (corky).

Phenology

Definitions

Study of plant development stages (e.g. bud burst, flowering veraison, ripeness).

- Bud burst: phenological stage corresponding to the opening of the bud scales, revealing the bud (stage B on Baggiolini scale).

- Flowering: phenological stage corresponding to the opening and fall of the floral calyptras (stage I on Baggiolini scale).

- Veraison: phenological stage corresponding to the softening of the berries just before they change colour (stage M on Baggiolini scale).

- Maturity: phenological stage corresponding to the optimal sugar content produced by photosynthesis with no loss of berry volume, and the deliberately chosen period of harvest (stage N on Baggiolini scale).

Shoot – Lateral

Definitions

Secondary ramification of the shoot from a lateral bud.

Shoot – Sides

Definitions

- Dorsal side: side of the shoot situated on the side of the lateral buds and the foliage.

- Ventral side: side of the shoot situated on the side of the latent buds.

Shoot – Pith

Definitions

Non-compact, central tissue of the shoot or branch (or lignified root), more or less abundant and discontinued at the nodes.

Shoot – Node

Definitions

Swelling of the shoot at the place where the buds, leaf petioles and tendrils or bunches arise.

Shoot – Relief

Definitions

- Striated: shoot presenting fine, longitudinal grooves on its surface.

- Ribbed: shoot or branch presenting longitudinal ribs or grooves in relief.

Subcontinuous tendrils

Definitions

Presence of tendrils on at least three successive nodes on the shoot.

Teeth

Definitions

Peripheral endings of veins around the blade margin.

Teeth – Shape

Definitions

- Concave: with rounded edges curving towards the interior of the leaf surface.

- Convex: with rounded edges curving towards the outside (ogival).

- Straight: with straight edges.

- Mucronate: the teeth terminate at the apex of the vein, forming a small, clearly visible point.

- Curly: the teeth are positioned alternately upwards and downwards around the blade margin.

Tip of the young shoot

Definitions

End of the young shoot situated above the first detached leaf, best observed at the time of flowering.

- Open: the very first young leaves grow outwards and the apex of the shoot is entirely visible.

- Closed or semi-closed: the apex of the shoot is covered or partially covered by the first young leaves.

- Globular: enveloping, pouch-like character of the first young leaves.

Tendril

Definitions

Organ which twines and attaches the vine to a neighbouring support.

Villosity

Definitions

The hairs (or trichomes) covering a surface.

- Prostate hairs: long, flexuous hairs spread across the surface of the organ on which they occur.

- Erect hairs: short, colourless, shiny hairs lying perpendicular to the surface of the organ on which they occur.

Young leaves

Definitions

3rd to 5th leaves clearly detached or separated from the tip of the shoot.

Young leaves – Color

Definitions

- Bronze: brown in colour.

- Copper: brownish-red in colour

- Piping anthocyanin coloration: presence of prostate hairs with bright pink to red pigmentation around the edge of the apex or of the young leaves.