Cabernet franc
N
Wine grape variety.
The geographical origin of the variety is specified or, if this is not possible, the area in which it is traditionally cultivated. The genetic origin of the variety is also indicated whenever it is known from hybridiser data or from genetic analyses published or obtained by the teams at INRAE in Montpellier (UMR AGAP) and Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre (CRB-Vigne).
Cabernet franc is probably originally from the south west of France.
This information indicates the normal and statutory use for the grapes.
Wine grape variety.
Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.
Cabernet franc
Recognised alternative names that may be used to identify the propagation material of the variety in France or in other member countries of the European Union.
There is no officially recognized synonym in France nor in the other countries of the European Union, for this variety.
This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the "Legislation" menu.
In France, Cabernet franc is officially listed in the "Catalogue of vine varieties" on the A list and classified. This variety is also listed in the catalogues of other Member States of the European Union: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain.
Evolution of cultivated areas in France
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM).
Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM). Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
Year |
ha |
|
|---|---|---|
|
1958 |
9743 |
|
|
1968 |
17864 |
|
|
1979 |
22606 |
|
|
1988 |
30256 |
|
|
1998 |
35163 |
|
|
2008 |
38691 |
|
|
2018 |
32676 |
Only the principal ampelographic elements enabling the varieties to be characterised and identified are provided. They are presented according to the descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the "Ampelographic glossary" menu). The photographs of leaves and grapes were taken in natural conditions, on the vine, in very similar situations in terms of growing conditions (sandy soil, Mediterranean coast): - Domaine de l'Espiguette (IFV), Le Grau du Roi (Gard), - Domaine de Vassal (INRAE), Marseillan (Hérault), - La Gaillarde Campus (Institut Agro | Montpellier SupAgro), Montpellier (Hérault). Only a few photographs, including the tips of bunches, were taken in other conditions.
- the greenish-red young leaves with bronze spots,
- the pentagonal adult leaves, with three or five lobes, lateral sinuses with often a tooth inside, a petiole sinus with slightly overlapping lobes, medium teeth with straight sides, a hammered, shiny leaf blade, and on the lower side of the leaves, a low density of prostrate hairs,
- the round-shaped berries
Genetic profile
The genetic profile of the variety is provided for the 9 microsatellite markers (or SSR markers) selected under the European programme GrapeGen06 (http://www.eu-vitis.de/index.php) and by the OIV. The absolute size values of the alleles may vary slightly from one laboratory to another, but the relative differences between the two alleles of one single microsatellite are constant. The genetic analyses were conducted by the INRAE Montpellier team (UMR AGAP) and the IFV’s Plant Material Centre.
| Microsatellite | VVS2 | VVMD5 | VVMD7 | VVMD27 | VRZAG62 | VRZAG79 | VVMD25 | VVMD28 | VVMD32 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Allele 1 |
137 |
223 |
239 |
178 |
194 |
248 |
238 |
227 |
239 |
|
Allele 2 |
145 |
238 |
262 |
186 |
204 |
260 |
254 |
235 |
257 |
The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.
This fairly vigorous variety must be trained with moderately long pruning or short pruning in more favorable climatic zones. In terms of terroir, best results are generally achieved on clay-limestone soils, but good results may also be achieved with sandy soils in the absence of water stress.
These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.
Cabernet franc is moderately resistant to grey rot and is moderately sensitive to eutypa dieback and esca. It is susceptible to vine leafhoppers.
The growth stages indicated are the result of obsrvations made at the Domaine de Vassal Estate where the set of these varieties form a collection. The results are indicated compared to the Chasselas vine variety as a reference in order to make comparisons between years and different sites. As such, for information purposes, the dates for the Chasselas B growth stage at Domaine de Vassal are as follows: - Bud burst, 21 March (average over 50 years) - Grape maturity, 14 August (average over 50 years)
Bud burst: 5 days after Chasselas.
Grape maturity: mid-season, 2 weeks and a half to 3 weeks after Chasselas.
The size of grape clusters and berries indicated are based on the following scales: - Wine grape varieties Size : Very small Bunch (g) : ≤ 100 Berry (g) : 1 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 150 Berry (g) : 2 - Wine grape varieties Size : Small Bunch (g) : 100 - 200 Berry (g) : 1,5 - 2 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 150 - 250 Berry (g) : 2 - 3,5 - Wine grape varieties Size : Moderate Bunch (g) : 200 - 250 Berry (g) : 2 - 2,5 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 250 - 400 Berry (g) : 3,5 - 5,5 - Wine grape varieties Size : Large Bunch (g) : 250 - 400 Berry (g) : 2,5 - 3,5 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 400 - 700 Berry (g) : 5,5 - 8 - Wine grape varieties Size : Very large Bunch (g) : 400 Berry (g) : 3,5 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 700 Berry (g) : 8 Remarks concerning the characteristics of the wines are generally based on tastings organised by juries of professionals.
The bunches are medium in size and the berries are small. This variety is used to produce quality aromatic wines with average ageing potential. However, the 'sugar', 'acid' and 'polyphenol' (coloring intensity and tannic structure) potentials are moderate.
In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.
The thirty-one certified Cabernet franc clones carry the numbers 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 326, 327, 332, 393, 394, 395, 396, 407, 408, 409, 542, 543, 544, 545, 622, 623, 678, 1155, 1156, 1158, 1166, 1167, 1203, 1204 and 1311. A conservatory of 100 clones was planted in 2001, in the wine-growing region of Anjou. Another conservatory of more than 100 clones was planted in the Bordeaux wine-growing region in 2003 and 2004 ; it is based on surveys conducted in Gironde and in the Pyrénées foothills.
Bibliography
- Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France. Collectif, 2007, Ed. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France.
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Institut Agro | Montpellier, Marseillan, France.
- Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages et de leurs synonymes. P. Galet, 2015, Ed. Libre&Solidaire, France.
- Traité général de viticulture, Ampélographie. P. Viala and V. Vermorel, 1901-1909, Ed. Masson, Paris, France.
Description of clones approved in France
In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.
In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.
-
Clone number
-
Brand
-
Origin
Region, department or winegrowing region in which the “clone mother plant” was identified and selected.
-
Selection
Body or bodies which selected the clone. In France, clonal selection is the responsibility of the selection organisations (themselves accredited by the ministry in charge of agriculture), usually in close collaboration with a technical partner working in a winegrowing region. For clones certified after 1999, the name of the partner or partners who took part in the selection work is also included. (NB: CA = Chamber of Agriculture).
-
Year of approval
Year in which the clone was certified by the FranceAgriMer board further to a proposal by the Vine section of the CTPS (Permanent Technical Committee for Plant Selection).
-
Agronomic Reference
Region, department or winegrowing region in which the agronomic and technological data were collected.
-
Surface in multiplication
Surface area in hectares (ha) of stock nurseries used for propagation for the year under consideration (in brackets), which allows the available potential to be evaluated. Clones with a surface area of between 0.01 and 0.10 ha are shown as <0.10 ha. Clones of limited dissemination, but for which we have technical data, are shown as <0.01 ha. Other clones are given as “low-dissemination clone”, which means that the clone has been certified only recently or has not been propagated. In both cases, only the initial material is planted in the selection centres.
-
N
-
210
-
-
Maine-et-Loire
-
ENTAV
-
1973
-
Loire-Valley;
Bordelais;
Sud-Ouest -
1.06 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium to high
-
Production level medium to high
-
Cluster weight medium to high
-
Berry size medium to high
-
Susceptibility to Botrytis medium to high
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Color potential low
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure low
-
Oenological skills supple and fruity wines
-
Other information
-
General note production level needs to be managed
-
N
-
211
-
-
Maine-et-Loire
-
ENTAV
-
1973
-
Loire-Valley;
Sudoeste -
0.30 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium to high
-
Production level medium to high
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Berry size high
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Color potential medium
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure low
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
N
-
212
-
-
Maine-et-Loire
-
ENTAV
-
1973
-
Loire-Valley;
Sudoeste -
0.15 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Berry size medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Color potential medium
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure medium
-
Oenological skills balanced and fruity wines
-
N
-
213
-
-
Val-de-Loire
-
ENTAV
-
1973
-
Loire-Valley
-
0.16 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium to high
-
Production level high
-
Cluster weight high
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
N
-
214
-
-
Maine-et-Loire
-
ENTAV
-
1973
-
Loire-Valley;
Bordelais;
Sud-Ouest -
14.51 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low to medium
-
Production level low
-
Cluster weight low to medium
-
Berry size low
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness high
-
Color potential high
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure medium to high
-
Oenological skills aromatic, fine and structured wines
-
Other information
-
General note clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and its aptitude to produce wines suitable for ageing
-
N
-
215
-
-
Maine-et-Loire
-
ENTAV
-
1973
-
Loire-Valley
-
2.02 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium to high
-
Berry size low
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
N
-
326
-
-
Gironde
-
INRA
-
1975
-
Bordelais
-
4.15 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low
-
Production level low to medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Vigor medium
-
Berry size medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness high
-
Color potential medium to high
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure medium to high
-
Oenological skills rich and structured wines
-
Other information
-
General note clone carrying the leafroll-associated virus 2. Appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained if the yield is moderate.
-
N
-
327
-
-
Gironde
-
INRA
-
1975
-
Loire-Valley;
Bordelais;
Sud-Ouest -
11.25 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low
-
Production level low to medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Vigor high
-
Berry size low
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness high
-
Color potential medium to high
-
Total acidity medium to high
-
Tannic structure medium to high
-
Oenological skills rich and structured wines
-
Other information
-
General note slightly later phenological stages. Clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and its aptitude for producing wines suitable for ageing if the yield is moderate
-
N
-
332
-
-
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
-
INRA
-
1975
-
Bordelais;
Val-de-Loire -
1.69 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium to high
-
Production level high
-
Cluster weight medium to high
-
Berry size high
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness low to medium
-
Color potential low
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure low to medium
-
Oenological skills slightly light wines
-
N
-
393
-
-
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
-
ENTAV
-
1975
-
Bordelais;
Sud-Ouest -
0.61 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium to high
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Berry size low to medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium to high
-
Color potential medium
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure high
-
Oenological skills balanced wines, representative of the variety
-
N
-
394
-
-
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
-
ENTAV
-
1975
-
Sud-Ouest
-
0.11 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low to medium
-
Production level low to medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Berry size medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium to high
-
Color potential medium to high
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure medium to high
-
Oenological skills structured and colored wines
-
Other information
-
General note clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained
-
N
-
395
-
-
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
-
ENTAV
-
1975
-
Sud-Ouest
-
0.25 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low
-
Production level low
-
Cluster weight low to medium
-
Vigor high
-
Berry size medium to high
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium to high
-
Color potential high
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure medium
-
Oenological skills structured and colored wines
-
Other information
-
General note clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained
-
N
-
396
-
-
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
-
ENTAV
-
1975
-
Sud-Ouest
-
1.10 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium to high
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Berry size low to medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium to high
-
Color potential medium to high
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure medium to high
-
Oenological skills balanced wines, representative of the variety
-
N
-
407
-
-
Gironde
-
ENTAV
-
1976
-
-
-
-
-
Other information
-
Agrotecnica note Clone not widely distributed.
-
N
-
408
-
-
Maine-et-Loire
-
ENTAV
-
1976
-
-
-
-
-
Other information
-
Agrotecnica note Clone not widely distributed.
-
N
-
409
-
-
Landes
-
ENTAV
-
1976
-
Sud-Ouest
-
1.13 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium to high
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Berry size medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Color potential low to medium
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure medium
-
Oenological skills colored and balanced wines
-
Other information
-
General note regular production clone
-
N
-
542
-
-
Landes
-
ENTAV
-
1978
-
Domaine de l'Espiguette;
Languedoc
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility high
-
Production level high
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Berry size medium to high
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Total acidity medium
-
N
-
543
-
-
Landes
-
ENTAV
-
1978
-
Domaine de l'Espiguette;
Languedoc
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Berry size medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Total acidity medium
-
N
-
544
-
-
Landes
-
ENTAV
-
1978
-
Domaine de l'Espiguette;
Languedoc
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Berry size medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Total acidity medium
-
N
-
545
-
-
Landes
-
ENTAV
-
1978
-
Domaine de l'Espiguette;
Languedoc
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium to high
-
Cluster weight medium to high
-
Berry size medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Total acidity medium
-
N
-
622
-
-
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
-
ENTAV
-
1978
-
Sud-Ouest
-
0.52 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level high
-
Cluster weight high
-
Berry size medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness low to medium
-
Color potential medium
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure medium
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
N
-
623
-
-
Gironde
-
ENTAV
-
1979
-
Loire-Valley
-
4.87 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Berry size medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium to high
-
Total acidity medium
-
Oenological skills fruity, supple and well-balanced wines
-
Other information
-
General note clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained
-
N
-
678
-
-
Landes
-
ENTAV
-
1979
-
Sud-Ouest
-
0.55 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Berry size medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium to high
-
Total acidity medium
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
Other information
-
General note slightly earlier maturity
-
N
-
1155
-
-
Val-de-Loire
-
INRA - IFV
-
2018
-
Maine-et-Loire
-
-
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low to medium
-
Production level low
-
Cluster weight low
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness high
-
Color potential high
-
Total acidity medium
-
Aromatic intensity high
-
Oenological skills fine, colored, round and well-balanced wines
-
Other information
-
General note slightly earlier clone and not very productive. Clone appreciated for its ability to produce wines suitable for ageing.
-
N
-
1156
-
-
Gironde
-
CA33 - IFV
-
2012
-
Bordelais
-
-
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low
-
Production level low
-
Cluster weight low
-
Berry size low
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness high
-
Color potential high
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure medium to high
-
Oenological skills wines appreciated for their aromatic intensity and tannic structure
-
Other information
-
General note low production level with less compact bunches. Clone appreciated for its ability to produce wines suitable for ageing.
-
N
-
1158
-
-
Gironde
-
CA33 - IFV
-
2015
-
Bordelais
-
-
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low
-
Production level low
-
Cluster weight low
-
Berry size low
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness high
-
Color potential high
-
Total acidity medium
-
Tannic structure medium to high
-
Aromatic intensity medium to high
-
Oenological skills wines appreciated for their aromatic intensity and tannic structure
-
Other information
-
General note low production level with less compact bunches. Clone appreciated for its ability to produce wines suitable for ageing.
-
N
-
1166
-
-
Gironde
-
INRA - CA33 - IFV
-
2011
-
Bordelais
-
-
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low
-
Production level low
-
Cluster weight low
-
Berry size low
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness high
-
Color potential high
-
Total acidity low to medium
-
Tannic structure medium to high
-
Oenological skills colored and structured wines
-
Other information
-
General note low production level with less compact bunches. Clone appreciated for its ability to produce wines suitable for ageing.
-
N
-
1167
-
-
Gironde
-
INRA - CA33 - IFV
-
2011
-
Bordelais
-
-
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low
-
Production level low
-
Cluster weight low to medium
-
Berry size low
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness high
-
Color potential high
-
Total acidity medium to high
-
Tannic structure medium to high
-
Oenological skills colored and structured wines
-
Other information
-
General note low production level with less compact bunches. Clone appreciated for its ability to produce wines suitable for ageing.
-
N
-
1203
-
-
Maine-et-Loire
-
INRA - IFV
-
2014
-
Loire-Valley
-
-
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low to medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight low
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium to high
-
Color potential high
-
Total acidity medium
-
Aromatic intensity high
-
Oenological skills colored, round and well-balanced wines
-
Other information
-
General note not a very productive clone. Qualitatively superior to clone 214
-
N
-
1204
-
-
Maine-et-Loire
-
INRA - IFV
-
2014
-
Loire-Valley
-
-
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low to medium
-
Production level low
-
Cluster weight low
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness high
-
Color potential high
-
Total acidity medium
-
Aromatic intensity high
-
Oenological skills fine, colored, round and well-balanced wines
-
Other information
-
General note slightly earlier clone and not very productive. Qualitatively superior to clone 214
-
N
-
1311
-
-
Gironde
-
Pépinières Mercier - IFV
-
2019
-
-
-
-
