Barbera
N
Wine grape variety.
The geographical origin of the variety is specified or, if this is not possible, the area in which it is traditionally cultivated. The genetic origin of the variety is also indicated whenever it is known from hybridiser data or from genetic analyses published or obtained by the teams at INRAE in Montpellier (UMR AGAP) and Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre (CRB-Vigne).
This variety is originally from Northern Italy (Piedmont).
This information indicates the normal and statutory use for the grapes.
Wine grape variety.
Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.
Barbera
Recognised alternative names that may be used to identify the propagation material of the variety in France or in other member countries of the European Union.
There is no officially recognized synonym in France nor in the other countries of the European Union, for this variety.
This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the "Legislation" menu.
In France, Barbera is officially listed in the "Catalogue of vine varieties" since 2014 on the A list and classified. This variety is also listed in the catalogues of other Member States of the European Union: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Malta and Slovenia.
Evolution of cultivated areas in France
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM).
Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM). Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
Year |
ha |
|
|---|---|---|
|
2018 |
0.5 |
Only the principal ampelographic elements enabling the varieties to be characterised and identified are provided. They are presented according to the descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the "Ampelographic glossary" menu). The photographs of leaves and grapes were taken in natural conditions, on the vine, in very similar situations in terms of growing conditions (sandy soil, Mediterranean coast): - Domaine de l'Espiguette (IFV), Le Grau du Roi (Gard), - Domaine de Vassal (INRAE), Marseillan (Hérault), - La Gaillarde Campus (Institut Agro | Montpellier SupAgro), Montpellier (Hérault). Only a few photographs, including the tips of bunches, were taken in other conditions.
- the tip of the young shoot with a slightly piping distribution of anthocyanin coloration and a high density of prostrate hairs,
- the yellow young leaves with slightly bronze spots and a medium to high density of prostrate hairs,
- the shoots with long and red-striped internodes,
- the small to medium, circular or pentagonal, dark green adult leaves, with five or sometimes seve, lobes, deep U or club-shaped upper lateral sinuses (on the suckers, the leaves can be extremely divided, with very wide and very deep lateral sinuses), a slightly open or closed V-shaped petiole sinus with overlapping lobes, not numerous teeth, medium compared to their width at the base with straight or convex sides, no anthocyanin coloration of veins, a thick, moderately blistered leaf blade, flat or slightly revolute on the edges, and on the lower side of the leaves, a medium density of erect hairs and a low to medium density of prostrate hairs,
- the ellipsoid berries.
Genetic profile
The genetic profile of the variety is provided for the 9 microsatellite markers (or SSR markers) selected under the European programme GrapeGen06 (http://www.eu-vitis.de/index.php) and by the OIV. The absolute size values of the alleles may vary slightly from one laboratory to another, but the relative differences between the two alleles of one single microsatellite are constant. The genetic analyses were conducted by the INRAE Montpellier team (UMR AGAP) and the IFV’s Plant Material Centre.
| Microsatellite | VVS2 | VVMD5 | VVMD7 | VVMD27 | VRZAG62 | VRZAG79 | VVMD25 | VVMD28 | VVMD32 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Allele 1 |
131 |
223 |
249 |
182 |
192 |
244 |
238 |
233 |
251 |
|
Allele 2 |
133 |
223 |
253 |
186 |
200 |
260 |
254 |
259 |
271 |
The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.
Barbera has a semi-erect bearing and a regular fertility. It is vigorous and can produce high yields if its vigor is not managed. It is best to prune it long, with a sufficient trellis as its shoots are long. This variety is adapted to clay-limestone dry and not very fertile soils. It is, in certain circumstances, sensitive to potassium deficiency.
These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.
Barbera is a little sensitive to downy mildew and is very sensitive to grey and sour rot. This variety is often affected by grapevine leafroll-associated virus and, in California, by Pierce's disease.
The growth stages indicated are the result of obsrvations made at the Domaine de Vassal Estate where the set of these varieties form a collection. The results are indicated compared to the Chasselas vine variety as a reference in order to make comparisons between years and different sites. As such, for information purposes, the dates for the Chasselas B growth stage at Domaine de Vassal are as follows: - Bud burst, 21 March (average over 50 years) - Grape maturity, 14 August (average over 50 years)
Bud burst: 1 day after Chasselas.
Grape maturity: mid-season, 3 weeks and a half after Chasselas.
The size of grape clusters and berries indicated are based on the following scales: - Wine grape varieties Size : Very small Bunch (g) : ≤ 100 Berry (g) : 1 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 150 Berry (g) : 2 - Wine grape varieties Size : Small Bunch (g) : 100 - 200 Berry (g) : 1,5 - 2 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 150 - 250 Berry (g) : 2 - 3,5 - Wine grape varieties Size : Moderate Bunch (g) : 200 - 250 Berry (g) : 2 - 2,5 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 250 - 400 Berry (g) : 3,5 - 5,5 - Wine grape varieties Size : Large Bunch (g) : 250 - 400 Berry (g) : 2,5 - 3,5 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 400 - 700 Berry (g) : 5,5 - 8 - Wine grape varieties Size : Very large Bunch (g) : 400 Berry (g) : 3,5 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 700 Berry (g) : 8 Remarks concerning the characteristics of the wines are generally based on tastings organised by juries of professionals.
Barbera's bunches are medium in size and compact. Their peduncle is particularly long and remains green or not very lignified. The berries are medium, simple-flavored, with bloom, a moderately thick skin and a juicy pulp. The fruits keep a high acidity when ripe. Barbera is used to produce a large range of wines: sparkling wines of the "spumante" or "frizzante" type, new wines, and with riper grapes, red wines that are aged in wood barrels, colored, rich, generous and elegant.
In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.
There is no certified clone for this variety yet.
Bibliography
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Institut Agro | Montpellier, Marseillan, France.
- Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages et de leurs synonymes. P. Galet, 2015, Ed. Libre&Solidaire, France.
- Traité général de viticulture, Ampélographie. P. Viala and V. Vermorel, 1901-1909, Ed. Masson, Paris, France.
- Registro nazionale delle varieta di vite. Ministère de l’agriculture italien [web site, visited in 2020].
- Registre Ampélographique International. 1961-1972, Ed. OIV, France.
- Wine Grape Varieties of Australie. G.Kerridge and A. Anticliff, 1999, Ed. CSIRO, Australie.
- Wine Grape Varieties in California. L. Christensen et al., 2003, Ed. University of California Agriculture and Natural Ressources, Etats-Unis.
- Grape Cultivars for Wine Production in South Africa. P.G. Goussard, 2008, Ed. Cheviot, Afrique du Sud.
