Vialla

Although its exact origin is unknown, this variety results from a crossbreeding involving Vitis labrusca and Vitis riparia.

Feuille
Apex
Fleur
Feuille
Apex
Fleur
Genetic origin

The genetic origin of the variety is also indicated when known thanks to hybridiser data or genetic analysis either published or obtained by the teams at INRAE in Montpellier (UMR AGAP) and at the Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre (CRB-Vigne).

Although its exact origin is unknown, this variety results from a crossbreeding involving Vitis labrusca and Vitis riparia.

Breeder\/breeder and year obtained

The name of the breeder and/or selector is indicated, as is the year in which the variety was bred.

Léo Laliman, 1870.

Estimated surface area of the French vineyard grafted with this rootstock and main regions of use

The figures are estimated based on the computerised vineyard register and bibliographical data.

7 000 ha . Rhône-Alpes (Beaujolais), Aquitaine.

Evolution of cultivated areas in France

The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM). Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.

Year
ha

1945

8

1955

32

1965

34

1975

41

1985

19

1995

8

2005

5

2015

3.5

Eléments de description ampélographique

Only the main ampelographic elements enabling the rootstocks to be characterised and identified are provided. They are described according to the ampelographic descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the "Ampelographic glossary" menu). The photographs of buds, flowers and adult leaves were taken indoors by the INRAE team at Domaine de Vassal from material sampled from the ampelographic collections of the Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre. Note: the scale of the photos is not the same for the three organs shown. The photos of buds have been reduced (x 0.5 approx.), as have those of the adult leaves (x 0.25 approx.), while those of the flowers have been enlarged (x 4 approx.).

The identification is based on:
- the tip of the young shoot that is half open to closed, with high density of prostrate hairs and a piping anthocyanin coloration,
- the yellow young leaves, with, on the lower side of the leaves, a high density of prostrate hairs on the blade and a low density of erect hairs on the veins,
- the shoots with a ribbed surface, and three or more consecutive tendrils,
- the large, involute, entire adult leaves, with a slightly open lyre-shaped petiole sinus, a thick leaf blade, teeth with straight sides, and on the lower side of the leaves, a low to medium density of erect and prostrate hairs,
- the female flowers with bulging flower buds,
- the medium to large, round-shaped berries, with foxy aromas and a blue black skin,
- the dark brown woody shoots with a ribbed surface.

Genetic profile

The genetic profile of the variety is provided for the 9 microsatellite markers (or SSR markers) selected under the European programme GrapeGen06 (http://www.eu-vitis.de/index.php) and by the OIV. The absolute size values of the alleles may vary slightly from one laboratory to another, but the relative differences between the two alleles of one single microsatellite are constant. The genetic analyses were conducted by the INRAE Montpellier team (UMR AGAP) and the IFV’s Plant Material Centre.

Microsatellite VVS2 VVMD5 VVMD7 VVMD27 VRZAG62 VRZAG79 VVMD25 VVMD28 VVMD32

Allele 1

122

263

235

234

202

250

234

224

245

Allele 2

133

263

251

234

202

256

234

235

245

Resistance to soil pests

The degree of tolerance to the root form of phylloxera and resistance to nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne arenaria), to Agrobacterium vitis (the bacterium responsible for burls) and to certain soil fungi is stated on the basis of observations or bibliographical data.

Vialla has a low to moderate tolerance to the root form of phylloxera. For this reason, Vialla should only be planted under unfavorable conditions for this pest. It is also moderately resistant to Meloidogyne arenaria nematodes.

Aptitudes for vegetative multiplication

The level of wood production by the rootstock strains is stated (source: ENTAV-ONIVINS survey of grapevine nurseries, April 2001). The suitability for cleaning, disbudding, cutting and grafting is also specified. Further details are provided if the rootstock variety requires special precautions during grafting and layering.

Vialla wood production is low (15 000 to 50 000 m/ha). Cleaning and disbudding is difficult due to the large number of tendrils. Vialla has good cutting and grafting aptitudes, with sometimes large calluses on the graft point.

Clonal selection in France

All certified clones are listed, as are the surface areas of the mother vine of clones that are propagated. For the moment, clonal selection of rootstock is conducted solely for sanitary purposes.

In France, the 5 certified Vialla clones carry the numbers 116, 258, 266, 267 and 760. Among those, the clones multiplied are:
- clone No. 116: 2 ha 86 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017,
- clone No. 266: 47 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017,
- clone No. 267: 13 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017.

Datas are extracted from: Les chiffres de la pépinière viticole, 2017, Datas and assesment of FranceAgriMer, may 2018.

Adaptation to the environment

This paragraph provides information on the behaviour of the rootstock variety in relation to the structure, texture and composition of the soil, its mineral content and the soil’s pH. It also states the behaviour of the rootstock when faced with an excess or lack of water during the vegetative period. Chlorosis Iron chlorosis is related to problems of iron assimilation due to low iron content and/or high carbonate content in soil. Total calcium carbonate content alone gives only a partial idea of the chlorosis-inducing power of the soil. The active calcium carbonate content corresponds to the percentage of carbonate present in the fine fraction of the soil (clays, fine silts). Depending on the characteristics of the parent rock and its geological origin, this represents a variable percentage of the total calcium carbonate. The chlorotic power index (IPC) is a calculation which takes into account the active calcium carbonate content and the easily extractible iron content of the soil. These three values provide an insight into the risk of chlorosis and allow growers to choose the most suitable rootstock variety accordingly. Tylosis and apoplexy These apoplexy phenomena are linked to problems of water circulation through the plant when evapotranspiration is high (dry wind following heavy rainfall in the summer season) and the absorption of water through the roots is limited. In this case, the high pressure in the vessels causes air bubbles (cavitation) and tyloses (invagination of the membrane of neighbouring cells in the vessels) to form, which causes a slowing of sap circulation and water stress in the leaves.

Vialla is extremely susceptible to chlorosis and it only resists up to 4% of "active" limestone and an ICP of 2. It is also susceptible to drought and must be used under conditions with a sufficient water input. This rootstock is well adapted to acidic and decalcified soils as sandy, granitic or fairly deep argilo-siliceous soils.

Interaction with the graft and production objectives

The rootstock may interact with the characteristics of the graft in terms of precocity of the vegetative cycle and the growth and development of the branches, as well as yield factors (fertility and berry size). In some cases, the risks of incompatibility or poor affinity of the rootstock variety with a graft variety are specified.

Vialla generally has a good compatibility and affinity with grafts as the diameter of its shoot is similar to that of the grafts. Vialla confers a fairly high vigor but induces a limited fertility. This rootstock has an influence on the earliness of the vegetative cycle and the varieties grafted onto it tend to produce less acidic products. Vialla works well with Gamay.

Bibliographic references

The rootstock may interact with the characteristics of the graft in terms of precocity of the vegetative cycle and the growth and development of the branches, as well as yield factors (fertility and berry size). In some cases, the risks of incompatibility or poor affinity of the rootstock variety with a graft variety are specified.

- Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France. Collectif, 2007, Ed. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France.
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Montpellier SupAgro, Marseillan, France.
- Cépages et vignobles de France, tome 1. P. Galet, 1988, Ed. Dehan, Montpellier, France.