Grolleau

N

Wine grape variety.

Grappe
Feuille
Apex
Grappe
Feuille
Apex
Origin

The geographical origin of the variety is specified or, if this is not possible, the area in which it is traditionally cultivated. The genetic origin of the variety is also indicated whenever it is known from hybridiser data or from genetic analyses published or obtained by the teams at INRAE in Montpellier (UMR AGAP) and Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre (CRB-Vigne).

This variety is undoubtedly from the Touraine region and based on published genetic analyses, it is probably a descendant of Gouais blanc.

Use

This information indicates the normal and statutory use for the grapes.

Wine grape variety.

Name of the variety in France

Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.

Grolleau

Synonymy

Recognised alternative names that may be used to identify the propagation material of the variety in France or in other member countries of the European Union.

There is no officially recognized synonym in France nor in the other countries of the European Union, for this variety.

Regulatory data

This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the "Legislation" menu.

In France, Grolleau is officially listed in the "Catalogue of vine varieties" on the A list and classified.

Evolution of cultivated areas in France

The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM). Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.

Year
ha

1958

11409

1968

9725

1979

5869

1988

3837

1998

2488

2008

2406

2018

2070

Éléments de description

Only the principal ampelographic elements enabling the varieties to be characterised and identified are provided. They are presented according to the descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the "Ampelographic glossary" menu). The photographs of leaves and grapes were taken in natural conditions, on the vine, in very similar situations in terms of growing conditions (sandy soil, Mediterranean coast): - Domaine de l'Espiguette (IFV), Le Grau du Roi (Gard), - Domaine de Vassal (INRAE), Marseillan (Hérault), - La Gaillarde Campus (Institut Agro | Montpellier SupAgro), Montpellier (Hérault). Only a few photographs, including the tips of bunches, were taken in other conditions.

The identification is based on:
- the tip of the young shoot with a high density of prostrate hairs,
- the yellow young leaves with bronze spots,
- the shoots with red internodes,
- the large adult leaves, with three or five lobes, an open petiole sinus, large teeth with straight sides, an involute, blistered, sometimes goffered leaf blade, and on the lower side of the leaves, a low density of erect and prostrate hairs,
- the round-shaped berries.

Genetic profile

The genetic profile of the variety is provided for the 9 microsatellite markers (or SSR markers) selected under the European programme GrapeGen06 (http://www.eu-vitis.de/index.php) and by the OIV. The absolute size values of the alleles may vary slightly from one laboratory to another, but the relative differences between the two alleles of one single microsatellite are constant. The genetic analyses were conducted by the INRAE Montpellier team (UMR AGAP) and the IFV’s Plant Material Centre.

Microsatellite VVS2 VVMD5 VVMD7 VVMD27 VRZAG62 VRZAG79 VVMD25 VVMD28 VVMD32

Allele 1

131

236

247

172

204

244

240

243

239

Allele 2

141

238

249

178

204

252

254

245

271

Cultivation and agronomic skills

The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.

This fertile variety is susceptible to browning and must be pruned short with a low load. The young shoots are quite sentitive to the wind. This variety has an acceptable production even after spring frost.

Susceptibility to Diseases and Pests

These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.

Grolleau is susceptible to peduncular rot and phomopsis.

Phenology

The growth stages indicated are the result of obsrvations made at the Domaine de Vassal Estate where the set of these varieties form a collection. The results are indicated compared to the Chasselas vine variety as a reference in order to make comparisons between years and different sites. As such, for information purposes, the dates for the Chasselas B growth stage at Domaine de Vassal are as follows: - Bud burst, 21 March (average over 50 years) - Grape maturity, 14 August (average over 50 years)

Bud burst: 1 day before Chasselas.
Grape maturity: mid-season, 2 weeks after Chasselas.

Technological potential

The size of grape clusters and berries indicated are based on the following scales: - Wine grape varieties Size : Very small Bunch (g) : ≤ 100 Berry (g) : 1 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 150 Berry (g) : 2 - Wine grape varieties Size : Small Bunch (g) : 100 - 200 Berry (g) : 1,5 - 2 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 150 - 250 Berry (g) : 2 - 3,5 - Wine grape varieties Size : Moderate Bunch (g) : 200 - 250 Berry (g) : 2 - 2,5 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 250 - 400 Berry (g) : 3,5 - 5,5 - Wine grape varieties Size : Large Bunch (g) : 250 - 400 Berry (g) : 2,5 - 3,5 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 400 - 700 Berry (g) : 5,5 - 8 - Wine grape varieties Size : Very large Bunch (g) : 400 Berry (g) : 3,5 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 700 Berry (g) : 8 Remarks concerning the characteristics of the wines are generally based on tastings organised by juries of professionals.

The bunches and berries are medium in size. Grolleau produces light, not very colored wines with a low alcohol degree. It is especially used for the production of rosé wines (or grey wines) or sparkling wines. It is also used to produce supple and fruity red wines when yields are managed.

Clonal selection in France

In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.

The six certified Grolleau clones carry the numbers 288, 364, 365, 366, 1318 and 1343.

A conservatory of more than 200 clones was planted in the Anjou region in 1996.

Bibliographic references

Bibliography

- Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France. Collectif, 2007, Ed. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France.
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Institut Agro Montpellier, Marseillan, France.
- Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages et de leurs synonymes. P. Galet, 2015, Ed. Libre&Solidaire, France.
- Traité général de viticulture, Ampélographie. P. Viala and V. Vermorel, 1901-1909, Ed. Masson, Paris, France.

Description of clones approved in France

In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.

  • Clone number
  • Brand
  • Origin

    Region, department or winegrowing region in which the “clone mother plant” was identified and selected.

  • Selection

    Body or bodies which selected the clone. In France, clonal selection is the responsibility of the selection organisations (themselves accredited by the ministry in charge of agriculture), usually in close collaboration with a technical partner working in a winegrowing region. For clones certified after 1999, the name of the partner or partners who took part in the selection work is also included. (NB: CA = Chamber of Agriculture).

  • Year of approval

    Year in which the clone was certified by the FranceAgriMer board further to a proposal by the Vine section of the CTPS (Permanent Technical Committee for Plant Selection).

  • Agronomic Reference

    Region, department or winegrowing region in which the agronomic and technological data were collected.

  • Surface in multiplication

    Surface area in hectares (ha) of stock nurseries used for propagation for the year under consideration (in brackets), which allows the available potential to be evaluated. Clones with a surface area of between 0.01 and 0.10 ha are shown as <0.10 ha. Clones of limited dissemination, but for which we have technical data, are shown as <0.01 ha. Other clones are given as “low-dissemination clone”, which means that the clone has been certified only recently or has not been propagated. In both cases, only the initial material is planted in the selection centres.

  • N
  • 288

  • Indre-et-Loire

  • ENTAV

  • 1973

  • Loire-Valley

  • 0.56 ha

  • Other information

  • Agrotecnica note Little difference between clones 226, 288 and 365 which all show a high level of production.

  • N
  • 364

  • Indre-et-Loire

  • ENTAV

  • 1975

  • Loire-Valley

  • -

  • Agronomic Data

  • Production level low

  • Other information

  • Agrotecnica note Clone not widely distributed.

  • N
  • 365

  • Indre-et-Loire

  • ENTAV

  • 1975

  • Loire-Valley

  • 0.24 ha

  • Other information

  • Agrotecnica note Little difference between clones 226, 288 and 365 which all show a high level of production.

  • N
  • 366

  • Indre-et-Loire

  • ENTAV

  • 1975

  • Loire-Valley

  • 0.46 ha

  • Agronomic Data

  • Production level medium to high

  • Technological Data

  • Sugar richness medium to high

  • N
  • 1318

  • Val-de-Loire

  • IFV

  • 2019

  • Val-de-Loire

  • -

  • Agronomic Data

  • Fertility medium

  • Production level medium

  • Cluster weight medium to low

  • Vigor medium

  • Berry size medium

  • Susceptibility to Botrytis low

  • Technological Data

  • Sugar richness medium to high

  • Color potential medium to high

  • Total acidity medium

  • Tannic structure medium to high

  • Oenological skills wines appreciated for their olfactory quality

  • Other information

  • General note Intermediate level of production. This clone seems well adapted to the production of rosé wines

  • Agronomic note Lower sensitivity to Botrytis

  • N
  • 1343

  • Val-de-Loire

  • IFV

  • 2020

  • Val-de-Loire

  • -

  • Agronomic Data

  • Fertility medium

  • Production level low to medium

  • Cluster weight low

  • Vigor medium to high

  • Berry size medium to low

  • Susceptibility to Botrytis low

  • Technological Data

  • Sugar richness high

  • Color potential medium to high

  • Total acidity medium

  • Tannic structure medium to high

  • Oenological skills colorful wines with good aromatic persistence and good overall quality

  • Other information

  • General note Lower production potential with a lot of millerandage and high level of ripeness

  • Agronomic note Lower sensitivity to Botrytis